2019 neco history answer

2019 neco history answer

.

NIGERIAN 🇳🇬 HISTORY

.
(NO2)

According to one traditional account, the original people and founders of the Benin Empire, the Bini (or Edo people), were initially ruled by the Ogisos (Kings of the Sky). The city of Ibinu (later called Benin City) was founded in 1180 C.E.
.
About 36 known Ogiso are accounted for as rulers of the empire. On the death of the last Ogiso, his son and heir apparent Ekaladerhan was banished from Benin as a result of one of the Queens changing the message from the oracle to the Ogiso. Ekaladerhan was a powerful warrior and well loved Prince. On leaving Benin he travelled to the west of the present day Nigeria to the land of the Yorubas. At that time the Yoruba oracle said that their King will come out of the forest and when Ekaladerhan arrived at Ife, he was received as a King.
.
He changed his name to Imadoduwa meaning "I did not misplace my royalty" and became The Great Oduduwa of The Yoruba Land. On the death of his father, the last Ogiso, a group of Benin Chiefs led by Chief Oliha came to Ife, pleading with him to come back to Benin to ascend the throne. Oduduwa's reply was that a King cannot leave his Kingdom but he had seven sons and would ask one of them to go back to Benin to rule as the next King.
.
Oranmiyan, the son of Ekaladerhan aka Oduduwa, agreed to go to Benin. He spent some years in Benin and came back to Ife after his wife gave birth to a son named Eweka. Eweka I became the first Oba of Benin. In 1440, Oba Ewuare (Ewuare the Great) came to power and turned the city-state into an empire. Around 1470, he named the new state Edo.

.
6) Discuss the factors that led to the rise of old oyo empire
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Many factors were responsible for the rise of old oyo empire part if which is
.
  1) Able Leadership; oyo was fortunate to have able,wise and warlike leaders the like Aalafin gaha, Aalafin Abiodun they were brave and agile.
.
2)Geographical Location; this favoured old oyo as it was situated in an open area thus encouraging expansion also attack from south is difficult with the presence of deep forest.
.
3) Bouyant Economy; thier bouyant economy tremendously helped thier rise agricultural pruduce, domestication of animals,artwork,
.
 figurines,exchanging of goods with thier neighbouring towns the economy was highly diversify they also got involved in trade as katunga was towards trans-sharan trade route
.
4) Dynamic army\Military Command ; they have a dynamic military formation Aare-ona kakanfo as the chief commander of the army, with 70 eshos dividing them 10/10 to 7 oyo mesi the military comprises of young men and hunters. In the same vein
.
       5) Type of Government;there is check and balance whenever the aalafin can not rule arbitrarily, the oyomesi were vested with power to checkmate the Aalafin they too were headed by Bashorun the prime minister
.

(6)
(i)Executive Powers; The Oba's were the chief administrators of the Yoruba states; they exercised executive powers over all the people of the Empire. Oba's pay tribute to the Alaafin in respect to their ancestral home, and those tributes were also a source of wealth to the empire.
.
(ii)Legislative Powers; The powers of the Alaafin were checked by a group of "Kingmakers" called the Oyomesi. They exercised legislative functions and was headed by the Bashorun. The Bashorun plays a vital role in the formation of the empire, and has the power to impeach either the Alaafin of the Oba's.
.
(iii)Judicial Powers; Oyo Empire was very decentralized in nature and powers were distributed among several bodies to prevent authoritarianism. The powers of the Oyomesi were in turn, checked by the presence of the Ogboni Fraternity. The Ogboni was considered to be very scared and commonly referred to as "The Mouthpiece of the Gods"; with their office headed by the Ifa Priest.
.
(iv)Early Period; It is pivotal to note that the rich culture of the Yoruba's cut across the shores of Africa and even to Southern America. Oyo Empire was well known for it's industrial productions in brass making. Because of its wealth and military skills, Old Oyo was - and still remains - the most important and authoritative faction of all early Yoruba principalities.